Dyslexia, How to Identify It and How to Help
1.What is dyslexia?
Dyslexia, also known as reading disorder, is a disorder characterized by reading below the expected level for their age. Different people are affected to different degrees. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud, and understanding what one reads. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school.
2.How to detect dyslexia?
Signs of dyslexia can be difficult to recognize before children enter school, but some early clues may indicate a problem. Once children reach school age, their teachers may be the first to notice a problem. Severity varies, but the condition often becomes apparent as a child starts learning to read. According to Mayo Clinic Staff, you may identify dyslexia by the following situations and symptoms.
Before school
Signs that a young child may be at risk of dyslexia include:
- Late talking
- Learning new words slowly
- Problems forming words correctly, such as reversing sounds in words or confusing words that sound alike
- Problems remembering or naming letters, numbers and colors
- Difficulty learning nursery rhymes or playing rhyming games
School age
Once a child is in school, dyslexia signs and symptoms may become more apparent, including:
- Reading well below the expected level for age
- Problems processing and understanding what he or she hears
- Difficulty finding the right word or forming answers to questions
- Problems remembering the sequence of things
- Difficulty seeing (and occasionally hearing) similarities and differences in letters and words
- Inability to sound out the pronunciation of an unfamiliar word
- Difficulty spelling
- Spending an unusually long time completing tasks that involve reading or writing
- Avoiding activities that involve reading
Teens and adults
Dyslexia signs in teens and adults are similar to those in children. Some common dyslexia signs and symptoms in teens and adults include:
- Difficulty reading, including reading aloud
- Slow and labor-intensive reading and writing
- Problems spelling
- Avoiding activities that involve reading
- Mispronouncing names or words, or problems retrieving words
- Trouble understanding jokes or expressions that have a meaning not easily understood from the specific words (idioms), such as "piece of cake" meaning "easy"
- Spending an unusually long time completing tasks that involve reading or writing
- Difficulty summarizing a story
- Trouble learning a foreign language
- Difficulty memorizing
- Difficulty doing math problems
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3.Treatment of dyslexia
These signs might be helpful in detecting dyslexia, but you'd better turn to a professional doctor when necessary. Once diagnosed, don't be worried because there're many effective treatments to guarantee you degrees, jobs, and everything you wanna achieve.
There is a range of approaches that can help make daily tasks much easier, though dyslexia can't be cured currently.
Receiving a diagnosis and support early in life can have long-term benefits. Managing dyslexia in children may involve:
- An evaluation of individual needs: This helps teachers develop a targeted program for the child.
- Adapted learning tools: Children with dyslexia may benefit from learning tools that tap into their senses, such as touch, vision, and hearing (text-to-speech translate devices would help).
- Guidance and support: Counseling can help minimize any effects on self-esteem. Other forms of support may involve, for example, granting extra time on exams.
- Ongoing evaluation: Adults with dyslexia may benefit from help with developing evolving coping strategies and identifying areas in which they would benefit from more support.
It can also help to adapt any working or learning space. Find some homework station ideas here.
The Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity offers tips for studying with dyslexia. They include:
- employing time management strategies such as breaking up projects into smaller pieces and drafting an outline before starting a task
- using tools such as portable printers that make flash cards and text-to-speech tech translators.
- organizing notes visually, using highlighters or a color-coding system
- working in a quiet, clear space — with earplugs, noise-canceling headphones and devices that work offline if necessary — and keeping distractions to a minimum
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